Health systems globally are struggling with. common issues such as access, wait times, and the delivery of new models of care such as team-based care. While it has been argued that addressing our health crisis involves better implementation of known solutions, we argue that mindset is an overly simplified representation of health system implementation. In this paper we posit that the non-linear interactive nature of health systems makes implementation challenging. Addressing that challenge requires us to conceptualize health system implementation as an interacting system of systems that evolve over time.