A structure scheme of a high efficient saw blade polishing machine was proposed. The machine was vertical and could polish two saw blades at the same time, and the polishing machine has a small area and high polishing efficiency. The 3D model of the main drive is established by using Pro/E 3D software, and the mechanics and vibration of the driving gear are analyzed by ANSYS software. And the formation diagram of order 7-12, equivalent stress and strain diagram are obtained. The results show that the vibration frequency of the driving gear is much higher than the frequency of the vibration source, and the resonance will not occur, and the strength of the gear is sufficient. It provides theoretical guidance for the development of high efficiency saw blade polishing machine. The practice shows that the high efficiency saw blade polishing machine developed on this basis runs well and improves the production efficiency of enterprises.