With the rapid development of China’s railway and highway system, construction machinery is playing a more and more important role in this field. Then, the mechanical engineering equipment performance is particularly important. Starting from the application of anchor excavator in practice, this paper designs a new type of propulsion mechanism, which will greatly play the important role and improve the production efficiency when applied to practice. Due to the high recovery, high load and high vibration of the propulsion system of anchor excavator, fatigue failure is easy to occur, which leads to the damage of the whole machine. According to its working conditions and technical requirements, a hydraulically driven chain gear drill device is designed, which constitutes the whole propulsion mechanism. Practice shows that this new type of propulsion mechanism can greatly reduce the hidden trouble caused by centrifugal rock drill and increase the safety and stability of operation. In the future, this equipment can be widely used in the work of anchor digging machine.