In order to study the unemployment risk perceptions and influencing factors of workers in the context of employment-first strategy and further improve their employment quality, this study used a combination of interview and questionnaire methods to collect survey data from 427 employed persons in Tongzhou District, Beijing, and analyzed the factors influencing unemployment risk perceptions from two perspectives: personal characteristics and job characteristics using advanced statistics (ANOVO). It found that nearly 80% of employed people had unemployment concerns, and that education, type of occupation, nature of unit ownership, and the greatest risk faced by employed people during work had a significant impact on the perceived unemployment risk of employed people. Finally, this paper proposed corresponding countermeasures and suggestions at the government, enterprise, and individual levels, expecting to provide some thoughts and help to improve high-quality employment and enable the implementation of the employment-first strategy going forward.