The vehicle’s thermal management system is critical to the safety, durability, performance and passenger comfort of fuel cell vehicles, and is also one of the core technologies of fuel cell vehicles. The thermal management system needs to meet the thermal balance of the vehicle under the operating limit conditions and balance the working temperature of different components. This paper analyzes the structure and control strategy of the thermal management system of different vehicle models through the research summary of the current thermal management technology of fuel cell vehicles, summarizes the impact of different parameters on thermal efficiency, and deeply analyzes the technical research field and development in this direction. The direction gives some methods to improve the performance of the thermal management system during the selection of the R&D technology route and the development process of the enterprise.