The paper aims to explain specificities of Islam in the post Yugoslav political space which we today describe as the Western Balkans. It focuses on two aspects of Islam in the region: Islam understood as political ideology and Islam through its Islamist face providing some basic concepts related to both phenomenons. To what extent these aspects of Islam have been “imported” and do they truly impose a real threat to political stability in the region? Can we consider any threat in terms of terrorist acts in the region? These are some questions and doubts to which the paper using the descriptive method of analysis tries to give answers.