The control of natural and bio-weapon-related virus epidemics require international governmental treaties, scientists who are dedicated to science for peace, and national health services cooperating with the World Health Organization (WHO). Unfortunately, the signatories of the Biological Weapon Convention (BWC) that prohibits the production and stockpiling of bioweapons has failed to reach an agreement on the need to inspect and control the related industries. As a result, fears of terrorist attacks involving bioweapons are mounting. In addition, the UNESCO Science-Agenda-Framework for action, which puts the responsibility to protect against misuse of biological knowledge on scientists and students of science has yet to be implemented.

On the other hand, international collaborations with WHO on the control and eradication of smallpox, poliomyelitis, measles, influenza, and recently SARS have been successful. Yet, the marked increase in the number of allergic and immune deficient people in industrial countries restricts the use of smallpox vaccine (vaccinia virus) for protection of unimmunized populations against a possible terror attack with a smallpox bioweapon. It is indicated that international cooperation with WHO in the event of a smallpox bioterror attack is needed to localize the infection and prevent it from spreading in the population.

The HIV-1/AIDS pandemic currently requires novel approaches to understand why infected people are not able to control the virus infection and recover. There is an urgent need to develop new approaches to stop the HIV-1/AIDS pandemic and save infected people.