Cattle manure ash (CMA) is a pure, non-toxic and harmful component of biomass ash. In order to study the factors affecting the thermal performance of CMA concrete composite insulation block, single row hole, double row hole, dislocation double row hole and insulation material were used to replace the transverse wall of CMA concrete composite insulation block, and the thermal resistance values of each insulation block under different CMA content were studied. The results show that with the increase of CMA content, the thermal resistance of the block increases. Under the same cavity ratio, the smaller the width of the longitudinal rib, the greater the thermal resistance. After replacing the rock wool board and extradited polystyrene plastic board on the inside and outside transverse walls of the block, the thermal insulation performance is improved obviously, the relation between the thickness of replacement material and the thermal resistance of block is obtained.