The diverse nature of European border defence is challenged by an equally diverse array of threats ranging from terrorists to drug smugglers, arms dealers, illegal explosives, and human traffickers. Moreover, political and societal developments have created a fluid security environment, where risks and vulnerabilities are more diverse and less visible. In this paper, we address the main Research & Technology initiatives at International and European Level and identify a number of research areas where innovative, technology-driven developments may provide short-term solutions. Aiming to enhance security of Greek and European citizens, HAI actively participates in a number of international forums, and invests in research activities. However, the only guaranteed way to preserve homeland security is to apply a universal, inspired, political, societal and educational programme, that will reduce the gap between countries, nations and closed, ideological groups.