Looking at the international response to terrorism, this chapter argues that the key members of the international community need to develop a much more sophisticated and comprehensive understanding of the threat that they face. Current responses have proven to be cumbersome and inappropriate. Conventional and hierarchical ways of thinking are not sufficient for understanding the new types of terrorist activities and those who participate in them. A better conception of the adversary and the Asymmetric Threat Complex would take into account the role of insurgency, rogue and weak states, and links to transnational criminal organizations. The author argues that NATO members should find new ways of sharing knowledge that eliminate divisions between political, military, nontraditional threat, and criminal issues. They should also develop new methods of planning, reducing national commands and encouraging dynamic and combined force development. Additionally, NATO should improve the way that it fights the ideological war.