Over the past decade, researchers have increasingly drawn upon concepts and methods developed in cognitive psychology to reveal cognitive processes underlying symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). These studies have shown that individuals with PTSD display difficulties retrieving specific autobiographical memories in response to cue words, instead recalling overgeneral memories. Moreover, they exhibit difficulty forgetting trauma-related words during directed forgetting, and exhibit enhanced false memory effects for trauma-related material. Such findings suggest that experimental methods can supplement conventional self-report inventories to elucidate cognitive abnormalities underlying PTSD symptomatology. However, to reach a better understanding of the phenomenon, one should also take symptom overreporting into account.