The paper first examines the post-Soviet challenges of the Lithuanian armed forces and security. The major change in the country's security arrangements has been the cooperation with NATO and the eventual gaining of NATO membership. This process has familiarised Lithuania with cooperation in the area of international security. With the rise of new security threats which need to be countered with innovative applications from the world of scientific research, the contribution of Lithuania to international security can be broadened. This paper surveys the science and technology research assets of Lithuania and their potential contribution to fighting new security threats.