On the basis of constructing a theoretical framework of “four-chain” integration of manufacturing industry empowered by digital technology, the direct and indirect influence mechanisms of digital technology on “four-chain” integration of manufacturing industry are empirically examined by selecting provincial panel data from 2012 to 2022, and the role mechanisms of government and market are further explored. Based on the provincial panel data from 2012 to 2022, we empirically examined the direct and indirect influence mechanisms of digital technology on the integration of the four chains of manufacturing industry, and further explored the role of the government and the market. It is found that digital technology has a significant role in promoting the integration of the four chains of manufacturing industry; the mechanism test finds that digital technology not only directly improves the degree of integration of the four chains of manufacturing industry, but also realizes the integration of the four chains of manufacturing industry through the intermediary path of financial development, which is the most effective way to promote the integration of the four chains of manufacturing industry. The mechanism test finds that digital technology not only directly enhances the degree of integration of the “four chains” of manufacturing industry, but also realizes the systematic empowerment of the integration of the “four chains” through the intermediary path of financial development. Based on the conclusions of the study, it is recommended that efforts be made in three aspects, namely, technological research and development, financial support and institutional synergy: to strengthen key technologies such as artificial intelligence and blockchain, to improve the digital financial support system, and to optimize the synergistic mechanism between policy and market.