This paper addresses the problem of path planning and task allocation for cooperative search and rescue (SAR) missions of unmanned boats in a typical SAR scenario. Firstly, a system model for cooperative SAR of unmanned boats is established, including environmental model, task model, unmanned boat model, and task model, to the complex maritime SAR environment and task requirements. Then, the task allocation process is divided into two core stages, which are applied to the cooperative SAR mission of unmanned boats Through simulation experiments, the performance of BLSA algorithm and other intelligent optimization algorithms in terms of search and rescue efficiency, path length, and computation time is compared and. The results show that the BLSA algorithm has significant advantages in solving the cooperative SAR problem of unmanned boats, which can improve the search and rescue efficiency, shorten search and rescue time, and provide new solutions for maritime rescue tasks.