When passing through a toll station, vehicles need to slow down or stop to pay. Therefore, vehicles on the toll station section are in a state of “stopping and starting” and waiting in line, which can easily lead to traffic congestion and driving safety issues. Vehicles will lose kinetic energy due to deceleration, referred to as energy consumption. Based on the cellular automaton NaSch traffic flow model, a vehicle energy consumption model for toll station sections under periodic boundary conditions is established and simulation analysis is performed to study the impact of the random deceleration probability of vehicles on vehicle energy consumption. The results of research show that the energy consumption of vehicles on the road decreases with the increase of random deceleration probability, and the traffic flow and average speed of vehicles also become smaller, and the earlier the traffic jam occurs.