Smart Grid is a vague concept with little theoretical studies. We propose in this paper a state of the art on Smart Grids to clarify the concept and identify the important issues.

This term refers to an electrical network integrating the behavior and actions of users. It uses new information and communication technologies and new services combining: monitoring, control, communication and self-healing.

Current simulations are done on specific, preset cases and with a limited evolution. A better knowledge of the smart grid structure and characteristics would give a more effective and more efficient, global modeling. Smart Grids have many characteristics corresponding to complex systems. We propose to analyze these similarities to reach a better understanding and a holistic view of smart grid’s concept.

The objective of this paper is to provide theoretical research themes that could help the design of a reliable and efficient Smart Grid.