Contemporary maritime industry places a significant emphasis on understanding human cognition and decision-making processes since human error is a predominant factor in over 80% of maritime accidents. With a decreasing number of crew members on ships, seafarers experience increased workloads and responsibilities, leading to a higher likelihood of errors. Eye tracking technology is a method used to monitor and record the movements of a person’s eyes in various situations. By using special glasses or cameras, eye tracking technology records eye movement, gaze duration, blink rate and pupil size, which represent a person’s cognitive and emotional state. This paper analyses the different areas where eye-tracking technology can be applicable in maritime navigation, including research on visual attention, gaze patterns, situational awareness, human-machine interfaces, mental workload and training improvement. The data obtained from various studies on eye tracking technology enable the development of preventive measures and corrections of human errors, especially during the seafarer’s training phase and in equipment layout and design. Eye tracking technology represents a valuable tool to enhance safety and efficiency in maritime navigation, as shown in this paper, which provides a foundation for future research and practical implementation.