Drawing from the essence of sustainable agricultural practices, this study upholds the foundational principles of ecological and resourceful stewardship, prioritizing excellence in growth. An evaluative framework has been devised to gauge the eco-friendly progress of agriculture at the county level, encompassing three key areas: the preservation of resources, ecological sustainability, and the caliber of productivity. Utilizing a data set spanning a decade (2012–2021) and encompassing 25 counties within the Ningxia region, the research employed several analytical techniques: (1) applying the entropy approach to ascertain the degree of agricultural sustainability, (2) leveraging the kernel density estimation to examine the progression over time, (3) employing the Gini index to dissect regional disparities in sustainable development, and (4) categorizing the trajectory of eco-progression across the counties. The findings indicate an upward trend in the eco-progressiveness of Ningxia’s counties, with a notable reduction in regional disparities and spatial inequalities. In conclusion, the study advocates for a strategic blend of holistic enhancement and targeted initiatives to steer Ningxia’s agricultural sector towards a greener future.