With the global sustainable development goal and the rise of corporate social responsibility, ESG (environmental, social and governance) information transparency has become an indispensable part of enterprise management. The purpose of this paper is to explore how blockchain technology can be used as an innovative tool to provide effective support for improving the transparency of ESG information. Firstly, this paper establishes a theoretical framework, drawing lessons from transaction cost economics, information asymmetry theory and corporate governance theory to understand the theoretical impact of blockchain technology on ESG. Subsequently, through empirical research, this paper collects and analyzes ESG information of enterprises in different industries and regions, and shows the actual effect of blockchain technology in ESG compliance, data accuracy and transparency. The research results show that blockchain technology has significantly improved the overall performance of enterprises in the ESG field. However, while achieving results, this paper also found room for improvement in standardization, technical performance and smart contracts. Finally, this paper puts forward some suggestions for future research, including in-depth industry research, long-term impact research and investigation of regulations and policies, in order to provide more reliable theoretical and empirical support for the wide application of blockchain technology in ESG information transparency. This study provides far-reaching enlightenment for building a more transparent and sustainable business ecosystem.