In the context of the “Internet plus” era, the spread and exchange of catering culture is an indispensable part of people’s daily life. The historical catering culture evolution system is based on geographic information system (GIS) technology, which uses historical literature as the basic data source and combines computer graphics, spatial analysis and other technical means to achieve visual expression of the historical catering culture evolution process. This system visualizes the spatiotemporal evolution of historical catering culture, helping people better understand the characteristics of catering culture in different eras and regions. Based on this, the reasons for the formation of differences in catering culture in different regions are explored, providing a foundation for further in-depth research on historical catering culture. The results showed that the data accuracy of the GIS-based historical catering culture evolution system reached the highest of 96.1%. At the same time, performance efficiency and functional integrity have also been improved.