It is a common method to build a scaled-down test bench to simulate a large mechanical equipment movement to research its fatigue damage characteristics. However, few studies have confirmed that the damage features of the test bench correspond to the equipment itself. In this paper, in order to study the fatigue damage mechanism of the hydraulic miter gate and predict the life of its key components, we designed a test bench in accordance with a certain reduction in proportion based on the No.2 miter gate of Gezhouba dam. The finite element models of the actual gate and the test gate are established respectively, and their deformation and stress distribution are analyzed depending on the strength of the door in different working conditions. The results show that the variation law of the stress and strain distributions of the test gate and the actual gate are basically the same. Therefore, the damage position of the miter gate test bench should be consistent with the corresponding position of the actual gate, and it is reliable to use the designed test bench to find the damage of the actual gate.