Spatial layout design profoundly influences architectural development, yet traditional manual approaches suffer from limited solutions due to human cognitive constraints and cost-effectiveness consideration. This study explores selected advanced optimization algorithms—Simulated Annealing Algorithm, Dijkstra Algorithm, Frei Otto’s Woolthread Model, Slime Mould Algorithm, and Genetic Algorithms—to enhance residential spatial layouts design. Prototypical cases of common residential planning and design challenges were utilized for the simulated experiments. Comparative analysis highlights Dijkstra’s Algorithm and the Genetic Algorithm as optimal choices for path optimization and visual adjustments, contributing to the research on residential spatial layouts.