In the field of problem formulation for design research, the conventional Think Aloud Protocol (TAP) has faced challenges in addressing complex problems such as Wicked Problems (WPs) over its two-decade history. Instead, the utilization of questions as a verbal tool has emerged as a more effective approach, producing insightful outcomes for intricate design challenges. Moreover, the largely untapped potential of participant-generated questions in design research holds promise for reducing subjective biases in designer-driven problem formulations and strengthening the role of participants. This study presents the Participant-Driven Ask Aloud Protocol (AAP) and employs it in spatial planning experiments at both QILI South Urban Village and the China World Mall’s Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) in Beijing, China. The analysis highlights AAP’s effectiveness in broadening the scope of generative design possibilities and facilitating a more precise and efficient identification of WPs in the design process.