Modern architecture stands at the convergence of innovation and sustainability, urging a reevaluation of construction materials. This paper explores the transformative potential of biomaterials in reshaping the ecological and aesthetic landscape of the built environment. By scrutinizing conventional materials’ limitations, we introduce bio-based alternatives. Examining bamboo, hemp concrete, mycelium composites, and Bio-plastics reveals their unique attributes and life cycle assessments. Comparative analyses demonstrate bio-based materials’ superiority in terms of carbon footprint, energy consumption, and waste generation. The innovative design strategy of bio-based materials is proposed, and the possible problems in implementation are summarized and the corresponding solutions are put forward.