To address the problem of the LEACH routing protocol’s inapplicability to large-scale networks due to its lack of consideration for dynamic changes in the network, a wireless sensor network energy-efficient routing protocol based on a tree-like link topology structure is proposed. This protocol seeks parent nodes based on the remaining storage energy of cluster heads, geographical location information, and the load level of neighboring cluster heads. Through multiple iterations, it establishes a tree-like link with the base station, enabling multi-hop routing transmission between cluster heads and the base station. Simulation and performance analysis demonstrate that compared to the LEACH protocol, the proposed protocol effectively balances network energy consumption and overall network lifespan.