The rapid progress of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms has opened up new opportunities for optimizing energy consumption and promoting sustainable practices in intelligent energy systems. Artificial intelligence algorithms can analyze energy usage patterns and user behavior patterns, further providing support for load balancing, demand side management, and power grid stability optimization calculations, and ultimately providing recommendations for energy-saving practices. This article explores the application of artificial intelligence algorithms in various stages of energy management and optimization from the above three aspects, discusses the models and implementation steps of mainstream artificial intelligence algorithms in each stage, and provides the challenges of utilizing artificial intelligence algorithms in energy systems in the conclusion.