In this study, the establishment of a colloidal gold immunochromatographic method for the detection of cypermethrin in tobacco was achieved by using colloidal gold immunochromatography: strong specificity and high sensitivity of cypermethrin semi-antigens and encapsulants were prepared during the study. The best colloidal gold solution was prepared by spectrophotometer and transmission electron microscope screening; the preparation process of gold-labeled antibodies was optimized, and finally the product of colloidal gold rapid detection test strips for cypermethrin was developed. The results of technical parameters and detection indexes showed that the detection limit of cypermethrin in tobacco was 1 mg/kg, and there was no cross-reaction with bifenthrin, cypermethrin, cyfluthrin and phenothrin, and the detection results of 30 tobacco samples were consistent with those of gas chromatography.