When the high-pressure turbine of an aero-engine comes into contact with friction, the friction-heat effect that results raises the temperature at the site of contact quickly. In extreme circumstances, it will harm the blades and casing and impair the engine’s ability to function properly. A vane-casing thermo-solid coupling model was developed using the finite element method to study the impact of the frictional heat effect on local details at the contact point. The distribution rules of blade temperature and stress were examined when the rotational speed changed and whether the coating was applied to the casing inner surface. The findings indicate that there is a temperature asymmetry between the blade and casing and that the rubbing friction heat effect is primarily distributed on the contact surface between the blade and casing. The influence area is also small and will rise to a high temperature in a very short period. Temperature and stress are impacted by variations in rotational speed and the use of coatings. The temperature and stress peaks at blade contact can be greatly decreased by coating the inside surface of the casing. The frictional heat effect created by rubbing should be taken into account in real-world engineering issues.