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In the cell nucleus, soluble factors need to search for specific DNA sequences to carry out fundamental processes to perpetuate and sustain life, namely transcription, DNA replication, and DNA repair. Different models have been proposed to describe how nuclear proteins search for their genomic target sequences, but testing these models experimentally requires the capability of measuring with high resolution and single cell sensitivity the diffusion of the searcher as well as the structure/topology of the nuclear environment where the search mechanism takes place. In this paper, we will describe the microscopy techniques, such as single molecule tracking, that can be used to quantify the dynamics and interactions of nuclear proteins in living cells, together with the super-resolution/correlative techniques that allow for providing information about the chromatin structure in situ. We will then discuss the possibility of combining these different approaches to provide multimodal maps of the eukaryotic cell nucleus.
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