The solar thermal power generation system adopts a dual-axis timely tracking instrument device, which realizes that the sunlight and the central axis of the heliostat instrument device are kept parallel, and greatly improves the utilization efficiency of the light source and the power generation efficiency. At the same time, the study of instrumentation selection in the solar thermal power generation industry cannot be ignored, which can guarantee the normal operation and basic work quality of solar thermal power projects. Therefore, based on instrumentation devices in the solar thermal power generation industry, this article explores the drawbacks of instrumentation devices in the application, and puts forward several research ideas for the drawbacks. Finally, by taking the tower-type solar thermal power generation instrument device as an example.