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In this paper we give a general and basic introduction to the most important concepts related with phonon transport. We first revise Fourier’s equation and the diffusive transport regime, focusing on the main scattering mechanisms that yield a finite thermal conductivity in insulators: anharmonic phonon-phonon scattering, impurity scattering, and boundary scattering. Next we focus on transport regimes beyond Fourier, namely ballistic transport and phonon hydrodynamics.