In this paper, a 350 km/h high-speed train is taken as the research object. Using the realizable k-ε model to calculate the steady-state flow field around the train, based on the results, calculating aerodynamic noise source of the train body surface by using the broadband noise model. The drag, lift and acoustic data of the train with the non-smooth surface units arranged on different positions of the vehicle are analyzed and compared, so as to analyze the influence of the layout of the non-smooth surface units on the drag reduction and noise reduction of the train. The simulation results show that when the non-smooth surface units are arranged in the bogie area, the aerodynamic resistance of the head and the intermediate vehicle can be effectively reduced, with the drag reduction effect of 12.2% in the head vehicle and 26.9% in the intermediate vehicle; when the non-smooth surface units are arranged on the nose of the train, for the intermediate vehicle, the drag reduction effect is 9.3%, and 11.5% when arranged on the transition area; when the non-smooth surface units are arranged on the nose of the train, there are quite a number of scattered points of low surface acoustic power in the streamline area of the tail vehicle, in which the lowest surface acoustic power level is only 50 dB, which is 25.3% lower than that of the train without non-smooth surface units.