Vibration and noise problems of elevated track bridge structures are becoming increasingly prominent. In order to effectively control the low-frequency vibration response of the track box girder structure. Firstly, the controlled mode is confirmed through modal analysis of the box girder. The optimal stiffness, damping and attaching position of the tuned mass dampers are obtained based on the fixed-point theory and the identification method of equivalent quality for multi-degree-of-freedom system. Then, based on the vehicle-track-bridge coupling dynamic model, the control effectiveness of tuned mass dampers to low-frequency vibration of the track box girder structure under train moving load is discussed. The results show that the reasonable multi-mode modal tuned mass dampers combination can effectively suppress the low-frequency vibrations of the box-girder, and the vibration levels in the frequency bands 5–10 Hz and 20–31.5 Hz near the natural frequency are significantly reduced.