Ensuring a reliable and efficient supply chain is imperative to an organization’s mission. Disruptions to the supply chain can harm organizational performance, and improving resilience can minimize such harm. This paper conducts a bibliometric and thematic review of supply chain resilience literature focused on modeling; placing supply chains in the context of the broader system where they operate. Resilience is defined based on system evolution (plan, absorb, recover, adapt) in response to threats and the threats’ effects on components of the supply chain sub-systems (production, transportation, command and control). The results show that most reviewed papers investigated either all phases of resilience for incomplete supply chains or components of resilience for whole supply chains, but not both. This paper argues that improving supply chain resilience requires looking at more than a set of locations and steps in production, but also requires a system representation of the multiple networks and decision tools that determine how goods travel between locations.