The lack of a generalizable theory of resilient infrastructure is a serious obstacle to achieving Federal policy goals. This chapter contributes to such a theory by identifying four dimensions of organizational leadership critical to resilient response: 1) allocation of decision rights, 2) access to information, 3) patterns of interaction, and 4) meaning-making. Rather than build resilience by adopting a particular configuration of these organizational dimensions (such as open and decentralized), we theorize that resilience is the capacity to adapt along each dimension in different ways that are effective for response to each particular stress.