Cellulose/poly (γ-glutamic acid) (cellulose/γ-PGA, CPGA) sponges were prepared by freeze-drying method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) were used to characterize physicochemical properties of the sponges. The mechanical testing results showed that the sponges with the addition of γ-PGA possessed good compression performance, the corresponding stresses were 381, 506, 363, and 296 kPa at 60% deformation, respectively. The swelling ratios of the sponges were all more than 1200 times, showing good water swelling property. The MTT assay indicated that the sponges was no cytotoxicity. The experimental results of this article suggest the novel cellulose/γ-PGA sponges have very good cytocompatibility, it could be as a potential carrier material applied in skin tissue engineering.