High-rate elastic-plastic deformation of elements of modern constructions in three-dimensional formulation is considered. Changes of properties of materials in a process of deformation under impact and impulse loads are taken into account. Modelling of the processes of high-rate deformation with involved dynamic properties of materials and finite displacements is carried out. A dynamic stress-strain state of structural elements, based on a finite element, is analyzed. Comparison with known results and experimental data is given. Practical problems of analyzing the stress-strain state of elements of facing vehicles and gas turbine engine corps under shock loading are considered. The advantage of multilayered protective elements for local shock loads is presented in the paper.