The Balkans remain deeply divided by both history and social, economic (unemployment, poverty), cultural and religious contrasts. This geo-strategically vulnerable zone is subject to weaknesses that could be used to destabilize the continent. Western Balkans is one of the main locations for recruitment and export of organized crime members and foreign volunteers to the Middle Eastern wars. This represents a difficult challenge for NATO, now also facing the process of demobilization of young jihadist fighters, who fought on the side of ISIS and Al Nusra in Iraq and Syria. Isolation of Muslim communities strengthen radical trends. This context has accelerated the process of radicalization together with social evolutions in this region over the last two decades and failure to develop a welfare state. Deradicalization is not simply an inversion of radicalization, but a process of emancipation from radicalism encouraging reintegration of the individuals into society. National public policies and local authorities are fundamental for success of such a process.