This paper proposes an evaluation index system and constructs an evaluation model for loading and reinforcement plans of out-of-gauge and overweight cargoes in railway transportation. Based on the plan effect factors as summarized from years of research and on-site experiences, the evaluation indices, their calculation methods and the confirmation of index values are proposed. The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) is selected to make the decision of plan, which is more objective than other methods. At last, the method is tested by a case with three different plans. The proposed index system and model may serve as a guide in practices.