Despite various doomsday scenarios or popular cyber war theories if you ask ten people what cyber-terrorism is, you will get at least nine different answers. In fact, the roots of the nation of cyber-terrorism and an “electronic Pearl Harbor” and can be traced back to the early 1990's when people started to discuss the rapid growth in Internet use with the emerging of “information society.” Nevertheless, it should be added that despite all the gloomy predictions, until now, no single instance of real cyber-terrorism has been recorded.

Nevertheless, experts are strongly arguing that cyber terrorism is not just a theoretical threat and it could really impact the nations and cyber terrorists are seeking to cause physical harm. But how cyber-terrorism threat and warfare is real and how much should the society and the governments should worry about? In such context, it should be reminded that the overreliance on computers and information systems in every aspect of our lives which means banking, e-commerce, business, air transportation, law enforcement, etc. systems are increasingly become a subject of the likelihood of the threat and more interconnectivity is associated with more sophisticated threats.

Among all these infrastructures, as the modern society and economy rely heavily on the continuous and uninterrupted flow of energy supply, energy infrastructures comes forefront as a topic that should be assessed independently. In that regard, during this article, the potential threat of cyber terrorism and cyber crimes posing the critical energy infrastructures will be investigated, and the link between energy and cyber security will be tried to be outlined. Additionally, a number of case studies with lessons learned and recommendations will be listed as a consequence.