Contemporary jihadi terrorism, perhaps best represented by al Qaeda and the Islamic State (ISIS), offers a compelling ideological narrative that connects local problems to global trends and exploits religion and history to justify the use of violence against Western targets as well as fellow Muslims. Like all terrorists – past, present, and future – today's jihadists are motivated by a desire to radically change what they perceive to be an unjust status quo. Using Major General Hussein Hazza' al Majali's presentation at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, “Human Factors in the Defence Against Terrorism: The Case of Jordan,” as a starting point, this paper explores the difference between terrorism and extremism, devoting special attention to the latter. The distinction between terrorism and the extremist logic used to justify it drives this paper's assessment of approaches to counter- and de-radicalisation.