An aircraft pushback control scheme is designed with a fuzzy sliding mode controller. First, based on analysis of the departure process, the queuing theory is used to build an aircraft departure queuing model. Then, the queue length error and its variation are taken as inputs to design a fuzzy controller of dual-input, single-output structure to determine the quantity of aircraft to be pushed. The quantity reliability is then examined through the sliding mode controller and unreliable quantity is rectified. Finally, the overall aircraft pushback control scheme in Xian-yang International Airport, Xi'an, China, is simulated using Simulink. The results indicate that with the fuzzy controller to perform the main operation and the sliding mode controller to verify and rectify the output, the airport ground traffic congestion is effectively relieved, the operation efficiency increases, the fuel consumed by waiting decreases, and thus, the environmental pollution is reduced.