Over the past 20 years, Al-Qaeda and other jihadi groups have been quietly investing in their cyber jihad capabilities. This report will summarize the development of Al-Qaeda’s and its affilate groups’ cyber efforts, from the earliest closed online jihad websites and forums to its transition into social media accessible to all. It has been almost a decade since the U.S. government first stated that it would deny terrorists use of the Internet, but this has not yet come about; in the meantime, Al-Qaeda’s online efforts have exploded.