In this chapter, the authors discuss resilience after trauma exposure from a public health perspective. We begin with an overview and relevant background information on the concept of resilience to provide a context for discussion. Next we turn to longitudinal trajectories of resilience and present supportive evidence. We then consider relevance, addressing the question of why resilience matters and in doing, so we illuminate core challenges for the trauma and public health fields. We conclude with a hypothetical scenario to illustrate how public health could be improved by increasing resilience at a population level.