A wide spread industrial application of radiation treatment is sterilization. The control of any process is a responsible and documented action for safe release of goods to the end‐user. In radiation sterilization the control strategy has a validation step followed by routinely monitoring of validated parameters. Validation procedure establishes the sterilization conditions of a specific product treated in a specific irradiation facility. During validation the bioburden level before sterilization and radiation sensitivity of microorganisms found on the items (D₁₀ value) are measured. They contribute together with an agreed SAL (Sterility Assurance Level) to choose the irradiation time direct related to the sterilization dose. Parametric release to the market is accepted if routine process proceeded in validated conditions. For radiation inactivation of biological weapon, validation concept can not be applied in an orthodox way mainly because the bioburden level can not be measured. ALARA (As Low As Reasonable Achievable) concept is a possible approach to establish a strongly motivated treatment dose.