This review summarizes the progress achieved over the past fifteen years in applying vibrational (Raman and IR) spectroscopy to problems of medical diagnostics and cellular biology. During this time, a number of research groups has verified the enormous information content of vibrational spectra; in fact, genomic, proteomic and metabolomic information can be deduced by decoding the observed vibrational spectra. This decoding process is aided enormously by the availability of high power computer workstations, and advanced algorithms for data analysis. Furthermore, commercial instrumentation for the fast collection of both Raman and infrared microspectral data has rendered practical the collection of images based solely on spectral data. The progress in the field has been manifested by a steady increase in the number and quality of publications submitted by established and new research groups in vibrational biological and biomedical arenas.