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Development of Exascale Computers before the end of this decade is an ambitious goal being pursued by the international HPC community. The challenges are numerous; the important ones being power consumption & dissipation, application scaling and reliability. The challenges also occur at all levels of abstraction: materials & devices, circuit design, logic design, architecture, the software stack, algorithms. We need to meet these challenges not only at every level of abstraction but also need to look at the interaction between levels.