Rapid advances in both science and technology, coupled with universal access to the Internet, have inspired both state-sponsored and non-state sponsored actors to new levels of creativity in the development of novel and non-traditional agents. It has become apparent that asymmetric threats have changed the traditional nature of the battlefield. Accompanying the evolution of asymmetric threats is their relative ease of transport and deployment, thus broadening the potential battlefield. Implementation of effective countermeasures demands an understanding of transformational emerging sciences, concepts and theories, and their potential applications. Recent progress in nanostructured materials, coupled with advanced synthesis methods, has significantly contributed to sensor platforms capable of direct detection of chemical and biological agents in a label-free, parallel, multiplexed, and with broad dynamic range, allowing fast and accurate detection with high sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, the use of bio-mimetic nanomaterials is a game-changing technology as it provides ultrasensitive reconnaissance and remote maneuverability in a combat theatre. The development of integrated solution paths through use of nanotechnology and its integration through the convergence of advanced sciences, presents unique and novel opportunities for identifying effective countermeasures to emerging unconventional threats. An ecosystem of technological innovations provides tactical superiority in support of effective countermeasures for various threat vectors.