In a “ Disaster” local health services can be overwhelmed, and damage to clinics and hospitals can render them useless. Damage to the health care infrastructure will further compromise the delivery of health services. Many countries maintain mobile field hospitals in order to react in case of disaster. Lessons from past complex disasters such as civil conflicts, wars and humanitarian emergencies showed that Field Hospitals (FH) – as temporary civilian or military hospitals - play a significant response role in disasters and Mass Casualty Incidents (MCI) management. The authors describe an Italian Model of Mobile Field Hospital of ANA- Italian Association of Alpini as “a mobile- flexible hospital structure, self –contained, self –sufficient health care of rapid deployment and expansion or contraction, which has worked, works and will be engaged in case of disasters, in humanitarian emergencies, during mass casualty incidents (MCI) or during major medical incidents”. This Field Hospital supports the activities of civil protection in national and international context, implements local emergency services and hospital bed surge capacity and treatment of mass-casualties in disasters for a specific period of time, especially during international long term missions, but also during peacetime in mass gatherings events and training programs in emergency preparedness. The authors would like to suggest the dual use of a Field Hospital in supporting counties' and populations' needs during disaster time, during wars and conflicts, but also during peacetime.