This paper seeks to analyze energy politics and the security situation in the Caspian Sea basin from the perspective of Azerbaijan. The aim is to discuss the primary motives behind Azerbaijan's foreign and energy policy strategies in the changing geopolitical context. This paper focuses on Azerbaijan as one of the pivotal countries in the Eurasia region, as well as its interests in the Caspian Sea basin before and after 2001. The paper will explore the roles of Azerbaijan in the fields of security and energy as well as Azerbaijan's emergence as a key economic player in the region. The paper explores the strategic interests that shape Azerbaijan's policy toward the region by discussing the tensions among its priorities, which mainly due to the two major changes in Azerbaijan's security environment in the Caspian Sea basin in the post-Soviet era. The first major change was the 9/11 events while the second one was the Russia - Georgia War in 2008. The paper argues that Azerbaijan's active participation in the fight against terrorism in Afghanistan could motivate the US to adopt a more active strategy towards the Caucasus, where it has been pursuing a low-profile foreign policy since 2008. In this context, Azerbaijan's relations with the US are likely to develop further, not only because Azerbaijan is a reliable ally in Afghanistan, but also because it is a strategic partner for the security of the Caspian Sea energy supplies.